Psychological risks factors & health in managers: a study in a cuban electrical company.

Abstract

Introduction: Psychosocial risk factors at work are a growing concern in occupational health, particularly in managerial roles that concentrate high responsibility, cognitive demands, and organizational pressure. Objective:  To determine the correlation between psychosocial risk factors and health problems among managers at the electrical company. Methodology: Quantitative approach with a cross-sectional, correlational design and exploratory-descriptive scope. The sample consisted of 21 managers selected by convenience sampling, based on criteria of experience and willingness to participate. Two instruments were applied: the Health and Well-being Questionnaire for Managers and the F-PSICO 4.1 method from the Spanish National Institute for Safety and Health at Work. Data were processed using SPSS and validated through triangulation of techniques and instruments.  Results: The results show that, although most participants perceive their physical and mental health as "very good" or "excellent," there is a significant prevalence of functional and psychosomatic symptoms: migraines, headaches, and sleep disorders (28.6%); hypertension and gastrointestinal problems (23.8%). On an emotional level, 61.9% report frequent stress, 71.5% constant rumination about work problems, and more than 50% sustained irritability. These findings reveal a cognitive and emotional overload linked to role pressure, complex decision-making, and lack of work detachment. Additionally, a deficit in self-care habits was identified, such as the absence of regular medical check-ups and high caffeine consumption. Conclusion: The research provides evidence on the correlation between psychosocial risks and managerial health. Mental overload, role ambiguity, and lack of social support act as predictors of health deterioration. This underscores the importance of strengthening healthy and resilient leadership competencies.